Nanoparticles: general toxicity and immunotoxicity

Authors

  • Janet Cueto González
  • Elizabeth Cuétara Lugo
  • Tania Sánchez Cabrales
  • Tammy Alonso Díaz
  • Elizabeth Reyes Reyes

Abstract

The nanoparticles are currently among the widely studied nanomaterials. The characteristics of nanoparticles, their size, surface, load, stability and structure; determine its physico-chemical properties and its interaction with living matter. The objective of this review is to describe the state of the art in terms of evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles. The mechanisms of toxicity after exposure to nanoparticles depend on the routes in which they can access the organism, the most important mechanism is the generation of ROS with the subsequent formation of oxidative stress in the tissues. It includes DNA damage, irregularity in cell signaling, changes in cell motility, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cancer initiation and promotion. The level of ROS generation depends on its chemical nature. There are not international guidelines for the characterization of nanomaterials. The great diversity of tests used in the published works constitutes one of the problems in the evaluation of possible toxicity, however there are in vivo and in vitro studies that allow evaluating cell viability, genotoxicity and immunmogenicity. Consensus and Standardized Operating Procedures are required to discuss results between the different groups that work on the subject.

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Published

2021-10-30

How to Cite

1.
Cueto González J, Cuétara Lugo E, Sánchez Cabrales T, Alonso Díaz T, Reyes Reyes E. Nanoparticles: general toxicity and immunotoxicity. Invest Medicoquir [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 30 [cited 2025 Dec. 5];14(1). Available from: https://revcimeq.sld.cu/index.php/imq/article/view/757

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): Enero-Junio

Section

Review article

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